Effects of Caffeine - 1037 Words

Effects of Caffeine Caffeine has been a hot topic in the medical community as of late. Studies have shown that the effects of caffeine are undoubtedly beneficial to peoples health. However, other studies have shown that its effect can have a negative impact on health. So what is caffeine and where do you find it? According to Merriam-Websters dictionary, it is a bitter alkaloid C8H10N4O2 found especially in coffee, tea, and kola nuts and used medicinally as a stimulant and diuretic, (Merriam-Webster). It can be found in foods such as chocolate, cappuccino frozen yogurt and mocha cheesecake. Surprisingly enough, it can also be found in beverages such as Sunkist Orange Soda, Mountain Dew and Jolt. Medically speaking, caffeine†¦show more content†¦2). However, the benefits outweigh the negatives, according to Flora (par. 10). So how do we know just how much caffeine we ingest on a daily basis? The average consumer will never know exactly how much they take in since food and drink manufacturers are not required to list how much caffeine their product contains on the nutritional label, (Hitti, par. 5). Mann notes that an eight-ounce cup of coffee contains about 135 mg of caffeine, an eight-ounce cup of tea contains 50 mg, 12 ounces of Coca Cola contains 34.5 mg and 12 ounces of Diet Coke contains 46.5 mg (par. 11). The average habitual user of caffeine takes in approximately 200 mg of it daily (Mann, par. 10). Method I researched for informative sources via the World Wide Web. I visited credible medical websites, such as Web MD and Mayo Clinic. Once on those sites, I searched through their database of articles pertaining to caffeine. Also, I began a search from EBSCO Host, a research database, which led me to articles from various publications, including Psychology Today. From there I visited Psychology Todays website and searched through their database of articles on caffeine. Using the mentioned sources, my search criteria was broad, being caffeine. I read some articles discussing health benefits, or lack thereof, of caffeine. I also read articles,Show MoreRelatedCaffeine And Its Effects On Caffeine915 Words   |  4 Pagesimpossible. You have most likely experienced this feeling whether it be from eating too much candy, or having too many caffeinated, sugary drinks. Attention Getter: Many of you probably drink pop, coffee, or other drinks containing some amount of caffeine. Caffeine has become more and more common, and most people don’t think too much about it. Even if you only rarely consume caffeinated drinks, it’s still important to know what these drinks are doing to your body. Listener Relevance Link: PersonallyRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On The Consumption Of Caffeine1511 Words   |  7 PagesCaffeine, a popularly consumed central nervous system stimulant is consumed on a day to day basis around the globe.  Caffeine can be ingested into the body by either eating it or drinking it. Caffeine comes in forms of many processed foods such as coffee, chocolate bars, candy, sodas, and energy drinks as well as tea. For example millions of people all around the world consume coffee on a daily basis.  Due to the large consumption of caffeine, both the negative and positive side effects of consumingRead MoreThe Effects Of Caffeine, Caffeine And Nicotine1462 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This lab covered the effects of caffeine, nicotine, caffeine extract and nicotine extract on the pulsation rates of Lumbriculus variegatus, commonly known as blackworms. The circulatory system consists of the heart and the blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the organism’s body. Blackworms do not possess a respiratory system or a heart, thus they circulate their blood through contractions of the blood vessels. The pulsation rate was observed along the dorsal blood vessel nearRead MoreEffects of Caffeine on the Body869 Words   |  3 PagesCaffeine and the effects on the body The American Medical Association Council of Scientific, states that moderate tea or coffee drinking is not harmful to your health as long as you have other good health habits (NIH 1). Research shows that caffeine is a substance that is found in certain plants. It can also be manmade and added to foods. It’s a central nervous system stimulant and a diuretic (substance that helps rid the body of fluids) (NIH 2). Functions of caffeine, it’s absorbed and passes quicklyRead MoreThe Effects of Caffeine on Fish960 Words   |  4 PagesChristian O. Zipagang, Lance Harvey O. PROBLEM: How Caffeine affects a Gold-fish Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background * Background of the Study * Caffeine is becoming a common chemical found in the environment but, little research has been done to understand the environmental effects of caffeine, including dissolved caffeine in aquatic systems. The goal of this research study was to begin to understand how caffeine may interact with aquatic environment, using the bacteriaRead MoreThe Effect Of Caffeine On Caffeine And Endurance Performance773 Words   |  4 PagesIn this literature review, I will be analysing the literature on Caffeine Ingestion and Endurance Performance. Endurance performance according to Farlex, 2003, ‘is a performance where key muscles are exercised at submaximal intensity for prolonged periods of time’, without the onset of fatigue. Caffeine is a, stimulant which affects the central nervous system (CNS) (Farlex, 2003) and it has also been found to increase the fat oxidation and metabolism of free fatty acids, FFA, (Essig, Costill, andRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On The Future1332 Words   |  6 Pageslose 5 pounds by the end of the semester by exercise and change in diet, stop drinking caffeine by slowly decreasing intake and replacing it with water or not caffeinated beverages within one month, or watch less Netflix by replacing it with more study time and reading. The behavior I have decided to change is to stop drinking caffeinated and switch to a healthy alternative (water, sprite, unsweet tea, etc.). Caffeine could help to change some of the other behaviors such as getting more sleep and losingRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Caffeine1094 Words   |  5 Pages Most of us fail to realize that caffeine is present in almost every drink that we consume. Most people enjoy the positive effects that caffeine does to our bodies, but have you ever thought of the negative? Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system and the regular use of it can cause a mild physical dependence. With a dependence being shown I strongly do believe that caffeine is just as addictive as any other drug. Over 90 percent of the United States consumes caffeinated beveragesRead MoreThe Effects of Caffeine on Daphnia827 Words   |  3 PagesThis experiment is to see The Affect of Caffeine on Daphnia. Daphnia is also known as a water flea. It is a distant relative of crabs and shrimps. (Marshall Cavendish, 2002) Daphnia have a hard external skeleton with jointed appendages and limbs. The head contains a large central eye which is made of two eyes joined together. Daphnia has two pairs of antennae which are used for swimming. Each daphnia has five pairs of limbs. These limbs lie in a certain space under the body bounded by the carapaceRead MoreNegative Effects Of Caffeine992 Words   |  4 PagesThe effect of caffeine on accuracy in a sports related task Introduction The use of caffeine is worldwide, contained in a range of foods, beverages and medicines with it being one of the most frequently consumed ingredients worldwide (Heckman, Weil, Mejia, Gonzalez, 2010). Extensive research has been conducted into caffeine and its effects on our cognitive functioning and development, with many studies concluding that due to its beneficial effects surrounding enhanced performance and awareness

Leisure Geography Leisure s Geography - 1509 Words

Leisure’s Geography â€Å"Geography is the scientific study of where things are located on the earth’s surface and why† (Rubenstain, 2003). Leisure’s geography then is taking on where and why leisure is located. Specifically I will focused on two places as a part of our outside trips for Perspective on Leisure class. The first place we visited was The Challenge Course located on the main campus of California State University of Sacramento. Second place was The Golden 1 Center right in the center of downtown Sacramento. I will compare those two leisure places, their similarities and differences. Also it is important to look at the importance of the location where they are present. And finally, the impact on the surrounding location those places†¦show more content†¦Even standing wall was painted in the color similar to the bark of the trees. It felt like a camp in to the woods. View from the top of the wall was outdoor like as well. There are lot of trees on the campus that are very dominant, with building rather picking against the upper branches of the trees. It is important to mention that this wasn’t some high-technology, eye-catching facility. Rather, the activities were built into the surrounding using natural components, for example wood. The Challenge Course was the place to challenge the individual. Most of the activities required physical strength and overcoming the fear factor. It also promoted a team work. There had to be always someone who backs-up the person who is doing some activity. Some games at the first part of the class required critical and leadership skills. It felt like a real, hands-on activity. In addition, when consider distance and parking spot it can be challenging, especially during regular semester where there is difficult to find any parking space. Finally, as this is a very physically challenging activity that I would rate at the level of extreme leisure, I don’t see coming back there too often. This lei sure would serve as a once a while brake, but not a daily or even weekly entertainment. On the other hand Golden 1 Center is a building that was open recently in the heart of the downtown of Sacramento. That is everything around it is a concreteShow MoreRelatedWomen s Access For Leisure Space1124 Words   |  5 Pagesput forth by the article authored by Jin and Whitson (2014), is that women’s access to leisure space shape how they see themselves and act in public. They also touch on the fact that men are perceived as to have a certain title, masculinity, to uphold when out in public with their female counterpart. In any geographical context, it is important to understand the rules of gendered behaviour in any sort of leisure space, and their effects on women’s lives and gender norms (Jin and Whitson, 2014). TheRead MoreCauses of Loitering Problems10544 Words   |  43 PagesMalls* JANA SPILKOVà  and LUCIE RADOVà ** Charles University, Prague Abstract: Geographies of children and youth are a surprisingly neglected research topic in the transforming (post-communist) countries, where many societal changes are taking place. This article introduces a research project that focused on teenagers and their leisure-time activities, concentrating especially on teenagers who spend the majority of their leisure time in shopping malls. The goal of the article is to reveal how such teenagersRead MoreSpain : Unique And Different From Other European Countries1681 Words   |  7 Pagesoverwhelmed by the variety of local geographies that exist within all of the larger natural and historical regions. Spain’s great local diversity is abundant on the Spanish terrain and is an important part of Spain s essence. People who live in the villages, towns and cities, which is the basic political units of the Spanish population, and sometimes even neighborhoods, have their local identities that are strong not only in differences of the local geography but also in cultural ways made solidRead MoreLow-Cost Carriers vs Full-Service Airlines905 Words   |  4 Pagesaircraft to use for travelling. Adult passengers favour Full-service carriers because of the extra services they offer unlike Low-Cost carriers. Travelling in a group is also taken into consideration for preferred choice of carriers. As a result, leisure passengers who travels in groups tend to use Low-Service carriers compared to Businessmen who usually travel in alone tend to use Full-Service airlines. Findings show that Ryanair holds 40% of passengers travelling in groups and Air Asia with 31%Read MoreTourism Definitions Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss each of these six definitions and explain the merits and efficiencies of each one, making connections with the points raised by Leiper (1979) where possible. Then provide an overall discussion about which definition is best and for what reason/s. Introduction Six definitions for the term Tourism were found from a variety of academic references, these being textbook and journal articles. They are discussed in terms of their merits and deficiencies, and then any connections with the pointsRead MoreMarketing Geo1979 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment 1: Topic 5 Jimit Mehta Student Number: 996649104 Marketing Geography GGR 252 February 8, 2010 Canada’s retail structure has changed and evolved dramatically over the past few decades because of changing household size, cars per person, immigration, and population aging. (Swales, 141) Consumer demand does not stay the same universally because it varies from one region to another, and the size of the market explains the differences in consumer activity among cities. ToRead MoreThe Impact of Tourist on Local people in Chiang Rai850 Words   |  4 Pagesrelate literature Researchers have long commented upon the influence of tourism on the culture and social life of host populations, including new leisure opportunities and changes in resident behavior. As well, many attitude or perception surveys undertaken in a variety of international destinations have included questions specific to residents leisure. However, there has been little published in the way of detailed case studies or longitudinal changes, from which causal relationships might be identifiedRead MoreEssay about Cultural Analysis of Brazil1398 Words   |  6 Pagesland, became slaves along with the Africans after the colonization. In 1822 Brazil became independent and slavery was abolished. An end came to the royal family in 1889 and a dictator ruled throughout the 1950s. After a great deal of turnover civilian rule was created in 1985. Geography Location. Brazil is located in South America and is the largest nation in the continent covering 3,286,470 square miles. Brazil borders the Atlantic Ocean and neighbors all nations in South America expect ChileRead MoreA Report On The Russian Hospitality Sector1740 Words   |  7 Pagesrapid, fuelled by the nation’s rich history and diverse geography along with a strong economy. Russia has faced a growth in both outbound and inbound tourism in the last decade. According to Hilton Worldwide (2012) Russia is an upcoming important market with the maximum number of potential hotel openings planned than anywhere else in Europe. Accounting the vast hotel market capacity of the Russian territory and its rapid development of the leisure and business travel sector, the need to scrutinize itsRead MoreSwot Analysis of Outrigger Hotels and Resort1246 Words   |  5 PagesStrengths: Maintaining a centralized management structure with personal interactions of the owner, Roy Kelley (1970’s). Expanding the business and adding more property agreements with 3rd parties and creating international property chain to make the business gain geographic diversity. Creating brand awareness to the budget traveler under their new branch name, OHANA, providing affordable condos. Creating multicultural environments at good locations with multicultural and multilingual

Crisis in Movies Self Medicated Free Essays

His mother, who developed a drug problem of her own, was unable to deal with his behavior. He was rarely attending school and getting in fights regularly. He began hanging out with a different peer group and cutting ties with the positive influences in his life. We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis in Movies: Self Medicated or any similar topic only for you Order Now He displayed significant discomfort anytime his father was mentioned and it was clear he had not dealt with his grief in a healthy way. 2. Identify the type of crisis (Situational, Developmental, Existential). (10 pats. The crawls In this situation was primarily situational, but one could also argue that there was a developmental crisis. Andrews father died and the family, both Andrew and his mother, appeared to lack the adequate coping skills to deal with the stresses normal stress associated with being a teenage boy, and his mother the stress associated with raising a teenage boy. After the death of his father there was a developmental crisis during which Andrew was unable to successfully transition from being a dependent teenager to an independent young man. 3. Identify the material, personal, and social resources available to the individual. (10 pats. ) Based on the home in which the primary characters live it is apparent that they either are, or at one point were fairly wealthy. Andrews mother does not appear to be employed and he does not hold a Job. There is no indication of an extended family support network. Andrews mother does not appear to have any support system. They appear to be very isolated. Andrew had an abundance of negative, superficial â€Å"friends† and one female friend who had pro-social contact with both him and his mother. He is also very intelligent which is a valuable personal resource but there are times during his recovery process that it appears to interfere with his testability. Due to the fact that he resides in a large city, Lass Vegas, there are innumerable community resources available as well. 4. What were the differing perceptions of the crisis? (the client, family, community, friends, legal perspectives) (10 pats. ) The client, Andrew, did not believe there was a crisis because he did not view his behavior as problematic. His mother felt quite differently and was highly concerned with both his drug and alcohol use and his apparent inability to deal with the death of his father. After multiple failed attempts to directly address Andrews behavior, his other appoints custody of him to an extreme measures treatment facility. They kidnap Andrew and he is enrolled in an involuntary, live-in rehabilitation program for addicts of all kinds. At the treatment facility Andrew was viewed as a â€Å"problem child†. This was largely due to his intelligence and the lack of realization of there being a problem. He was unwilling to discuss his father and used his intelligence to manipulate and scheme against staff. Until he was forced into treatment Andrew surrounded himself with people who were sharing in his addictive behavior, this undistributed to his inability to realize that he was in crisis because his community group was comprised of fellow addicts. 5. Briefly, how was the crisis handled by the protagonist? (10 pats. ) The protagonist, Andrew, refused to address the death of his father, which was a primary stresses. Eventually he turned to alcohol and drugs to numb the feelings associated with the pain of his father’s death. His lack of positive coping tools eventually led to a crisis of drug and alcohol addiction. By the end of the film Andrew had accepted that his addiction was destructive and was taking steps towards cover and more importantly towards dealing with the underlying issues that had 6. Suggest several steps for your client that could be used to handle the crisis. (10 Andrew does not believe he has a problem. He needs help seeing his addiction as detrimental. One of the primary issues driving Andrews addiction is the unprocessed grief over his father’s death. He needs counseling to help him deal with those emotions and to learn healthier coping skills. Andrew and his mother also need to work through the resentment that has developed between them. Forgiveness therapy old be valuable if incorporated into family counseling. Cognitive self-change is also a valuable tool in dealing with addiction. Realistically Andrew is also going to have to deal with his legal issues before he can truly have a clean start. He also needs to attempt to salvage his GAP in order to complete high school. Due to the fact that he wants to go to college he will likely need to extend high school by a year so that he can retake the classes he did poorly in and salvage his grade point average as much as possible. 7. Suggest steps for teaching coping skills and developing resiliency (preventing the rises from reoccurring). (10 pats. ) Andrew would greatly benefit from learning how to verbalize his feelings and talk through his problems instead of stuffing and avoiding. He needs his emotions regarding the death of his father to be validated and to understand that they are okay to have. Re-involving himself in the healthy outlets he used to enjoy, like sports, would be a positive way to handle stress as well. Because he has struggled with addiction it will be very important to his future success that he complete a thorough relapse prevention program. He needs to identify what his triggers and red flag tuitions are so that he can learn steps to intervene in those situations. 8. What referral sources would be available to the client if he/she lived in your area? Specific names of organizations in your area to which you might refer your client. You might have to research your area for this. ) (10 pats. ) He could be referred to private counseling, support groups for those grieving the loss of loved ones, and drug/alcohol rehab or support groups. There are groups like Alcoholics Anonymous, Celebrate Recovery, and LIDS Family Services Addiction Recovery f or those struggling with drug and alcohol addiction. His lawyer could also push for a mandatory treatment program instead of traditional punishment for the crimes he had committed. This community has a treatment focused state prison nearby which employs the therapeutic community model for drug and alcohol rehabilitation. Because of this there are several certified drug and alcohol counselors in the area, some of which take on private clients on their own time. There are also drug and alcohol education groups such as DARE that may be beneficial. We are either slaves to sin or slaves to Christ, and the Bible is clear that to be a slave to Christ is a far easier burden to bear. Often times those things we believe to be freedom eventually become the heaviest of our chains. This can be seen in Andrews downhill spiral of addiction. He thought he was having fun getting drunk and skipping school, he was doing whatever he wanted. However, it eventually reached the point that Alcohol was all that he wanted. The desires of the flesh quickly lead us to destruction. It is my opinion that there are few things out there that demonstrate the bondage we are in apart from Christ so vividly as drug, alcohol, and sexual addictions. Addiction is the epitome of being in bondage, of being a slave. How to cite Crisis in Movies: Self Medicated, Papers

Friendly Bank Because The Fraud Committed -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Friendly Bank Because The Fraud Committed? Answer: Introducation Section of the Partnership Act 1963 states the meaning of partnership. As per this section, partnership is considered as relation between the people who decided to carry on common business for the purpose of earning profit, and it also includes an incorporated limited partnership. It must be noted that, partnership also includes external partnership. This section further states that any relationship between the members of the company, whether form as per the Act or not does not consider partnership under this Act (Partnership Act, 1963). In other words, partnership is considered as relationship in which two persons enter for carrying on a business with a view to earn profit. Partnership is created through agreement which is signed by two or more parties for the purpose of creating legally binding relationship which must be contractual in nature. This can be understood through case law Green v Beesley (1835) 2 Bing N C 108 at 112. In this case, Tindal CJ stated that partnership was considered as mutual participation and it was necessary that participants must not create legal entity when they create partnership. There was one more case Smith v Anderson (1880) 15 Ch D 247 at 273, in which James LJ stated following concept: Ordinary partnership was considered as partnership which includes definite individuals which were bound together through contract for the purpose of combined for joint object either for indefinite period or limited time. Partnership generally composed those persons who were originally entered into contract with each other. It must be noted that law imposed limitation on number of partners under single partnership, and partnership must be registered under partnership Act. Law of partnership is derived from both case law and statute law, and for this relevant legislation is Partnership Act 1963. It must be noted that partnership is also considered as special type of agency and the main reason behind this is that when partners in the firm carrying on business under partnership, and then they act like agents for each other. This can be understood through case law Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1 at 11. Section 7 of Partnership Act 1963 states rules for determining the existence of partnership. Clause 1 of this section state, for determining the existence of partnership Court must consider clause 2 to clause 4 of this section. Clause 2 of this section states, joint tenancy, any common tenancy, property in joint, and part ownership does create any partnership itself just for anything held and owned. For determining partnership, court considers whether tenants or owners share profit which is earned thorough using these things held and owned or not. In other words, holding any property jointly as co-owners does not create any partnership, and this can be understood through case law Davis v Davis [1894] 1 Ch 393. In this case, Court determines the partnership relationship when two brothers hold the real estate property as tenants in common. In this case, father of the brothers left his business and three houses too his sons as joint owners. One of the houses had been let to tenants and other two houses were used in business which was carried by two brothers. For business brothers borrowed loan by giving security of the houses and both receives weekly expenses from the business. In this case, Court stated that partnership exists for the purpose of carrying on business and both the houses were considered as property of partnership. Clause 3 of this section states, sharing of profit or gross returns does not create any partnership and for determining the existence of partnership it is considered whether sharing of returns or interest have or have not any common right and interest in the property from which such profit or return have been earned. This can be understood through case law Cribb v Korn (1911) 12 CLR 205. In this case, korn was employed as worker by the owner of the land. High Court stated that no partnership exists in this case it was just a tenancy. This was because landowner possesses exclusive right to occupy the land and Cribb does not own any right to direct the auditing of landowner while working on the land. Therefore, no partnership exists its just a tenancy. However, sharing of gross returns cannot be considered as enough to establish a partnership but merely constituted rent. Clause 4 of this section state, if person receives any share of profit from partnership business then it is considered as primary evidence that person is partner with respect to any business, but receipt of such share or profit or changes in the profit of the business does not itself create person partner in respect of partnership business. These payment or share does not make person as partner in the firm: Person is not considered as partner of the business if such person receipts any amount of debt or any other liquidated demand through installments or otherwise from the accruing profits and such receipt of payment not makes the person liable as partner in context of partnership business. Contract related to the agent or employees remuneration of the person who is engaged in the business by sharing profits of the business does not make such employee or agent partner in the firm and also not makes the person liable as partner in context of partnership business. Any domestic partner or child of deceased partner who receives share in the profit of the partnership business in the way of periodic payments is not considered as partner in the business just because they receive share in the profit. Such domestic partner and child of deceased partner are not liable as partner in context of partnership business. Lending of money to a person who is engaged or about to engage in the business under a contract which is made in writing with that person and such contract is signed by all the parties of the contract in respect of which lender has right to receive interest rate or any share of profit arise on carrying on the business then such lender is not considered as partner of the firm or make liable as partner in context of partnership business. There is one more case law Re Ruddock (1879) 5 VLR 51 (IP M) 51 at [3.5] which help in understanding this context. Any person who receives portion of profit of the partnership business through periodic payments in consideration of the sale of goodwill by the person then such person is not considered as partner of the firm. Clause 5 of this section states, provisions of this section does not applied in relation to incorporated limited partnership. Application: In the present case, Rose and Mary runs partnership business under the name of Busy Bee Florist shop. Because of drought their business start declined and this result in overdrawn of bank accounting and now Friendly bank refuses to honor their cheques. Both the partners decided to take loan from outside. For this purpose, Mary approached Violet for giving loan of $20000 in exchange for share in the business. Violet agreed to lend $ 20000, and sign agreement which states: Lender has right to get share in profit and losses to the extent of 20%. Lender has right to check the books of partnership. Lender also has right to receive business statements on quarterly basis. Agreement further states that money advanced by Violet is considered as loan and violet is not being the partner of the firm. In this case, section 7 of partnership Act applied and as per this section essential elements of partnership are present in this case: Profit shared is earned through common interest in the property and it is also considered as admissible evidence for determining partnership. There is one more case law which can be considered for understanding this theory of partnership law, and that is Television Broadcasters Ltd v Ashtons Nominees Pty Ltd (No 1) (1979) 22 SASR 552. In this case, court consider that sharing of profit can be considered as admissible evidence related to the existence of partnership, but this fact is not enough to considering that there was partnership. If circumstances states then lender is also considered as partner of the firm. It is considered as exemption of clause d of section 7. This can be understood through case law Cox v Hickman [1860] 8 HL Cas 268; 11 ER 431. In this case, court stated that if any circumstances show that the relationship exists between the parties is the relationship of partnership then lender is considered as partner of the firm no matter what are the stated intentions of the parties. In the present case, all circumstances shows that Violet is the partner of the firm and on this basis Violet is considered as partner of the firm. On other side, Mary also approached sonny for lending $10000 to busy bee and Sonny agreed to lend $10000 to busy bee. It must be noted that Sonny is also the employee of the firm. Now Sonny receives his salary and also the one eight share of net profit and losses. In this also section 7 is applied which means that essential elements of partnership are considered for determining the partnership. In this also clause d of section 7 applies which states that lending of money to a person who is engaged or about to engage in the business under a contract which is made in writing with that person and such contract is signed by all the parties of the contract in respect of which lender has right to receive interest rate or any share of profit arise on carrying on the business then such lender is not considered as partner of the firm or make liable as partner in context of partnership business. Clause 3 of section 7also applied which states, sharing of profit or gross returns does not create any partnership and for determining the existence of partnership it is considered whether sharing of returns or interest have or have not any common right and interest in the property from which such profit or return have been earned. In the preset case, no common interest was present which justify the sharing of profits. In this case, it is clear that Sonny is not considered as the partner of firm because lender is not considered as partner of the firm or make liable as partner in context of partnership just because lender is receiving share of profit for such debt. Therefore, Sonny is not considered as partner of the firm. It must be noted that, Violet is considered as partner because circumstances of violet show that he is the partner of the firm but Sonny is not considered as partner because he only receives share of profit for the amount lend by him. Conclusion: In this case, violet is considered partner of the firm and he is also liable for the debts of Friendly bank because of the fraud committed by other partners. Violet is considered as partner because circumstances of violet show that he is the partner of the firm. On the other hand, Sonny is not considered as partner of the firm and he is also not liable for the debts of Friendly bank because of the fraud committed by other partners. In this Sonny is not considered as partner because he only receives share of profit for the amount lend by him. References: Partnership Act 1963- Section 6. Partnership Act 1963- Section 7. Green v Beesley (1835) 2 Bing N C business-lawat 112. Smith v Anderson (1880) 15 Ch D 247 at 273. Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1 at 11. Davis v Davis [1894] 1 Ch 393. Cribb v Korn (1911) 12 CLR 205. Re Ruddock (1879) 5 VLR 51 (IP M) 51. Television Broadcasters Ltd v Ashtons management Pty Ltd (No 1) (1979) 22 SASR 552. Cox v Hickman [1860] 8 HL Cas 268; 11 ER 431.